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Know the cause

What is glaucoma?

One of the leading causes of irreversible blindness worldwide, yet many people have never heard of it until it touches their lives. Here's what everyone should know.

Inside the eye

Glaucoma damages the optic nerve, often due to fluid buildup raising pressure inside the eye. Here's how it works.

  • Cornea: protective outer lens
  • Iris & Pupil: control light entry
  • Optic Nerve: sends signals to brain
  • Vitreous: gel filling the eye
  • Drainage angle: where glaucoma starts
Cornea Optic Nerve IOP Drainage

How vision changes with glaucoma

Glaucoma slowly steals peripheral vision, often unnoticed until significant damage has occurred

Clear full vision
Normal Vision
Complete, clear peripheral and central vision
Early Glaucoma
Subtle peripheral darkening, easily missed
Moderate Loss
Significant peripheral vision gone
Advanced / Tunnel
Only a small tunnel of central vision remains
Optic Nerve IOP
01 / The basics

A disease that damages the optic nerve

Glaucoma damages the optic nerve, the bundle of fibers carrying visual signals from your eye to your brain. It's most often caused by abnormally high intraocular pressure (IOP), though it can occur even at normal pressure.

Once the optic nerve is damaged, that vision is lost permanently.

Irreversible if untreated
Damage happening silently
02 / The silent thief

No pain, no warning, until it's too late

Glaucoma earns its nickname because it develops slowly and without symptoms. No pain, no blurriness, no obvious warning in early stages.

By the time most people notice vision changes, usually peripheral (side) vision loss, significant nerve damage has already occurred and cannot be reversed.

Most common: no early symptoms
60 AGE + FAMILY HISTORY HIGH IOP
03 / Who's at risk

Anyone can develop it, but some risks are higher

  • Being over the age of 60
  • Family history of glaucoma
  • High intraocular eye pressure
  • African, Hispanic, or Asian heritage
  • Diabetes, high blood pressure, or heart disease
  • Severe nearsightedness or farsightedness
Risk doubles every decade after 60
Normal With Glaucoma
04 / Symptoms & warning signs

What to watch for, even if nothing seems wrong

Most types of glaucoma have no early symptoms. When symptoms do appear, they may include:

  • Gradual loss of peripheral (side) vision
  • Tunnel vision in advanced stages
  • Blurred vision or halos around lights
  • Severe eye pain (in acute cases)
  • Redness or nausea alongside eye pain
Peripheral loss is usually the first sign
IOP: 14 mmHg ✓ Normal range Optic Nerve Needs monitoring
05 / Detection & diagnosis

Regular eye exams are the only way to catch it early

Because glaucoma is silent, comprehensive dilated eye exams are essential. Doctors test for it by measuring eye pressure, inspecting the optic nerve, checking peripheral vision, and measuring corneal thickness.

  • Baseline exam by age 40 for all adults
  • More frequent screening with risk factors
  • OCT imaging can detect early nerve changes
Early detection can preserve sight for a lifetime
Drops Laser Surgery
06 / Treatment & management

Vision loss can't be reversed, but it can be stopped

While there's no cure yet, treatment can slow or halt progression effectively. Options include:

  • Prescription eye drops (most common first step)
  • Oral medications
  • Laser treatments (SLT, ALT)
  • Surgical procedures (trabeculectomy, MIGS)

Lifelong monitoring and consistent treatment are key to protecting remaining vision.

Treatment works, if caught in time
80M+
People worldwide
living with glaucoma
3M
Americans
affected
50%
Don't know
they have it
#2
Cause of
blindness globally

Why this matters to Rock for Vision.

Every dollar raised through Rock for Vision goes to the Glaucoma Research Foundation, funding the scientific breakthroughs and community support that could one day make glaucoma curable. My grandfather's strength inspires this work. Your support keeps it going.

Donate to my GRF fundraiser